Acne

Acne is an infection of the skin, caused by changes in the sebaceous glands. The most common form of acne is called acne vulgaris, which means common acne. The redness comes from the inflammation of the skin in response to the infection. Oils from the glands combine with dead skin cells to block hair follicles. Under the blocked pore, oil builds up. Skin bacteria can then grow very quickly. This infection makes the skin become swollen and red, which becomes visible. The face, chest, back, and upper arms are most common places for acne to happen. Acne is common during puberty, when a person is turning from a child into an adult, because of high levels of hormones. Acne becomes less common as people reach adulthood.

Never ever underestimate acne as it can lead to Scars. Acne also can cause reduced self-esteem, which can cause depression. Acne often affects teenagers. Teenagers are easily affected by self-esteem problems.

Blackhead

A blackhead is a yellow or blackish bump or plug on the skin. A blackhead is a type of acne vulgaris. Contrary to the common belief that it is caused by poor hygiene, blackheads are caused by excess oils that have accumulated in the glands duct. The substance found in these bumps mostly consists of keratin and modified sebum (an oily secretion of the sebaceous gland), which darkens as it oxidizes. Clogged hair follicles, where blackheads often occur, reflect light irregularly to produce a blackhead's “black” hue. For this reason, the blockage might not necessarily look black when extracted from the pore, but may have a more yellow-brown colour as a result of its melanin content.

In contrast, a “whitehead” is a follicle that is filled with the same material, sebum, but lacks a microscopic opening to the skin surface. Since the air cannot reach the follicle, the material is not oxidized, and remains white.

Pigmentation

Human skin color is primarily due to the presence of melanin in the skin. Skin color ranges from almost black to white with a pinkish tinge due to blood vessels underneath. Variation in natural skin color is mainly due to genetics, although the evolutionary causes are not completely certain. The natural skin color can be darkened as a result of tanning due to exposure to sunlight. The leading explanation is that skin color adapts to sunlight intensities which produce vitamin D deficiency or ultraviolet light damage to folic acid.

Uneven pigmentation affects most people, regardless of ethnic background or skin color. Skin may either appear lighter or darker than normal; there may be blotchy, uneven areas, patches of brown to gray discoloration or freckling. Skin pigmentation disorders occur because the body produces either too much or too little melanin. The most typical cause of darkened areas of skin, brown spots or areas of discoloration is unprotected sun exposure.

Dermatitis

In general, Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin (i.e. rash). There are several types of dermatitis. Basically, health conditions, allergies, genetic factors and irritants can be responsible for causing dermatitis. One thing we have to be alert that there is specific type of dermatitis can be caused by the exposure to allergens such as cosmetics, fragrances and perfume. Individuals who develop dermatitis usually due to allowing themselves prolong exposure to the irritant, such as those mentioned above. Generally, people who become sensitive to an allergen will be allergic to it for the rest of their lives.

Freckles

Freckles are clusters of concentrated melanin which are most often visible on people with a fair complexion. A freckle is also called an “ephelis”. Freckles do not have an increased number of melanin producing cells (melanocytes). This is in contrast to Lentigines and Moles.

Freckles can be found on anyone no matter their genetic background; however, having freckles is genetic and is related to the presence of the dominant melanocortin-1 receptor MC1R gene variant. The formation of freckles is triggered by exposure to sunlight. The exposure to UV-B radiation activates melanocytes to increase melanin production, which can cause freckles to become darker. Freckles are predominantly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun, such as the shoulders

Wrinkles

A wrinkle is a fold, ridge or crease in the skin. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of aging processes. Wrinkling in the skin is caused by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors. The skin doesn't expand evenly, causing it to wrinkle. Depletion of water in the body, as occurs with dehydration, can also cause this puckering of the skin. Scientific researches do also show that cortisol also causes degradation of skin collagen and make indirectly causing wrinkle occur.